How to develop a child from birth. Raising a child up to one year: top tips for parents
HOW TO CARE FOR YOUR NEWBORN
The most difficult task facing a newborn baby during
first month of his life, - to adapt to conditions outside the maternal
body. Most of the time the baby sleeps. Waking up, he begins to lead
yourself in accordance with your internal physiological state. Periods
active wakefulness, when the child is ready to perceive new information,
rare and short-lived. Therefore, you should not plan classes in advance with
newborns, just try to take advantage of the opportunity. Such
the opportunity appears when the child is full and in a good mood.
Remember that children have different thresholds for excitability, and if you overtire
baby, he may begin to worry, scream and cry.
Practical advice
Engage your child no more than necessary
He needs human warmth, and therefore he loves to be taken
in your arms. Try to find out how your baby feels about this. Some babies become nervous and irritable when held for too long. Happens,
that a fussy baby will calm down if he is placed in a comfortable nursery
backpack However, if the baby is very rarely held, he may become
sluggish and apathetic.
Change baby's position
When your child is awake, try to vary his positions. Let him
lies on his stomach for some time, then on his back or side. Being in
different positions, the baby will learn to move his arms and legs.
Children's calendar
Hang a calendar next to the changing table or dressing table and
pencil. You can record each new achievement of yours in a separate column.
child.
Enjoy the time you spend with your baby
Laugh and have fun with your child. Sometimes it seems that he is
able to express my joy.
Don't be afraid to spoil your child
Try to quickly fulfill his wishes. If you give your baby
enough attention when he needs it, he won't bother you
once again.
Handle your baby with care
When returning home from the hospital, bring your newborn in a comfortable,
reliable car.
Game time
Vision
Attach a moving musical toy to the baby's crib
In those moments when the baby is not sleeping and is in a good mood, he
will fix his gaze on the toy and follow its movements. This will cause
child's interest in the world around him outside the crib. Moving
Musical toys especially attract the attention of children.
Move the flashlight back and forth
Cover the flashlight with red or yellow plastic. Move it slowly
from side to side in front of the child lying on his back. First the baby will delay
look only for a moment, but then begin to follow the flashlight.
Show your tongue
Some two- to three-week-old babies can imitate adults when they
stick out tongue. Try this.
Hearing
Hang a bell
Hang the colored bell so that the child can see how it is
moves and hear its sound. This will allow the baby to associate beautiful
seen with a pleasant sound. If you hang a bell over the crib, then
At first the baby will look at it for a while and then fall asleep.
Dance to the music
Your baby will enjoy the familiar rocking and shaking that comes with
he's already used to it. Listen to music while holding your baby and quietly
dancing.
Shake the rattle near your baby
Gently shake the rattle to the right and left of the baby. At first
do it quietly and then louder. After some time the baby will understand that
the sound he hears comes from somewhere outside. He will start looking with his eyes
sound source. (If you put a few dry
peas, it will make an excellent rattle.)
Touch
Place your finger or rattle on your baby's hand
Place your finger or rattle on your baby's palm. The baby will grab them
fingers.
Exercises
Leg exercises
Place your baby on a firm mattress (crib mattress or
a playpen is quite suitable). Allow me-
Let the baby move his legs and arms for a while. If he starts
cry, try to calm him down by gently rocking him.
Daily routine
Feeding time
Keep a good mood
Regardless of whether you breastfeed or bottle-feed your baby, try
do this in such a way that both the child and you feel calm and comfortable.
Remember that your baby knows better than you when he is full, so don’t
try to get him to eat a little more. Avoid coercion
so as not to lose the child's trust.
Reach out and touch
While your baby is eating, gently stroke his head, shoulders and fingers,
then he will associate feeding with your tender
touches. Some children like to listen to singing while eating, while others,
When they hear their mother’s voice, they stop sucking. If your child is easily distracted,
postpone singing during a meal break or while the baby is burping.
Bathing
First baths
Bathe your baby in a baby bath. (Please consult your doctor before
than bathing a child for the first time.) While bathing, hum softly,
gently rubbing it with a soft sponge or cloth. If a child slips and he
If you need soft bedding, place a towel on the bottom of the bath.
Communication through touch
After swimming, it is good to have a massage. Using baby cream or
vegetable oil, gently massage your baby's shoulders, arms, legs, feet,
back, stomach and buttocks. Continue to do this as long as your child is in
good mood.
Swaddling/dressing
Kisses on the tummy
When changing your baby's diapers, gently kiss his tummy and fingers
and legs. These gentle touches help the baby learn to be aware of
parts of your body. At the same time, he not only feels his body, but also feels
your love.
Undress the child
Don't wrap your baby up. If the room is 20 - 25 degrees, it will be fine
feel comfortable in a light shirt and diaper. Children overheat, sweat and
feel discomfort if they are dressed too warmly.
Time relax
Turn on the radio for your child
When putting your baby in the crib, turn on the radio, tape recorder, or start
music box Quiet music will calm him down.
Record the noise of the washing machine on tape.
Instead of buying an expensive toy that makes sounds,
Record the noise of the dishwasher or washing machine on tape. Monotonous hum
which the child hears will help him calm down and fall asleep.
Give your baby a musical toy
If from a very early age in the child’s mind we associate sleep time with
soft musical toy, it will become an integral element of this
process.
As they get older, some children resist being placed in
crib, and this toy will help them calm down and fall asleep.
Use a pacifier
Give your baby a pacifier before bed. Children who from an early age
They are used to a pacifier and can fall asleep on their own. If your child
refuses the pacifier, then at first it can be put in his mouth only for
a few minutes until he gets used to it. If the baby continues to persist,
find another way.
Walking in a stroller
If the weather permits, take your child for a walk, pushing him in a stroller.
Constant movement will help him fall asleep.
A game of shadows
Children often wake up at night. Leave the night lamp on - soft
the light will allow the child to observe the bizarre shapes of those around him
items.
Diapers and soft pillows
Over the last few months of the uterine state, the baby has become accustomed to sleeping
in cramped conditions. Therefore, he will feel good if he is swaddled or
cover with pillows. Many stores sell hanging hammocks that
can be secured inside a regular crib. Some of them are equipped
a special device that creates in the child the illusion of the beating of the mother's
hearts. Rhythmic sounds remind the baby of those he heard while in
womb; this calms him down and he falls asleep.
* One month *
Child's world
In the previous chapter we talked about how communication occurs between
newborns and parents. Now we will observe the development of these
relationship during the second month of the child’s life, when the baby becomes
more receptive to the surrounding reality and more clearly manifests his
reaction to adult behavior. At the same time we will see how it improves
coordination of the child's movements and his ability to respond to visual
images and sounds.
As the baby's ability to perceive and
learn new information, parents begin to treat him as
personality. Already at the age of one month, individual traits can be identified
the character of the child, distinguishing him from his peers. Talking to the baby
one on one, you can tune into his natural rhythm and
feel when you can work with him and when you need to give him
relax. You will learn how to handle your child when he is overexcited and
screams a lot. You will discover new ways to help your baby maintain his condition.
peace and vigor, calm down before bed.
One way you can help your baby is to teach him to suck.
pacifier. Some babies start sucking the pacifier instinctively, others persistently
refuse it. If the baby resists and spits out the pacifier,
be persistent. Try to give it to your baby by rocking him and singing
some melody. Buy two or three different pacifiers so you can
determine which one he likes best. After some time your efforts
will be rewarded - with the help of a pacifier the child will learn independently
calm down and fall asleep. A pacifier is a tool that both you and your baby can
Appreciate it in the near future.
Motor skills
A one-month-old baby is already beginning to control his body. His
convulsive, chaotic twitching, and movements of the arms and legs gradually
become more even and orderly. Nervous tremors that
characteristic of newborns, also disappears.
The first change that can be noticed in a child's behavior is
ability to move your head. If a baby is placed on his stomach in a crib, he
will be able to turn his head from side to side without much effort.
Some, especially strong children, even pick it up and look around.
Baby's ability to move his head is especially obvious when you hold him,
leaning against his shoulder. However, no matter how strong your
a child, he is far from completely able to control his movements. Taking out
baby from the crib or while carrying him around the room, be sure to support him
head with your hands. As a rule, one-month-old babies are not able to
move around, but occasionally there are such active kids who,
squirming and fidgeting, reach the corner of the crib or roll over from their stomach
on the back. Sometimes even the most passive children are capable of doing unexpected things.
movements. Therefore, just in case, it is better not to even the tiniest baby
leave alone on a table or other high place.
Having reached the age of one month, the child begins not only to turn
head, but also much better control of the muscles of the arms and legs. He is capable
move them not only smoothly and rhythmically, but also speed up or slow down
tempo depending on the rhythm of human speech. When you talk to a child
in a calm and even tone, his movements are calm and uniform. Try it
speak quickly, excitedly, and you will see how the baby begins energetically
move hands and feet.
Ability to see, hear, feel
The previous chapter discussed the degree of excitability in newborns. We
talked about how you can notice how differently they feel in
depending on their environment, sleep and wake. Condition of a month old baby
much easier to determine. You can already understand whether it is strong or, conversely,
The baby sleeps restlessly, and when he wakes up, is he calm or excited.
While awake, a month-old baby is able to follow
moving object. He concentrates and looks at him with interest.
any object or drawing located in front of him at a distance of 12 --
30 centimeters. If the baby especially likes something, he even starts
"crow". Then after a few minutes he looks away. This process
called "familiarization". The child seems to say: “Yes, now I
I know what it is." If you change an item or, without removing the first one,
show your baby another one, he will repeat his actions.
For a one-month-old baby, new sounds are just as interesting as new ones.
visual images. He can distinguish speech from other sounds and at the same time clearly
gives preference to the human voice. At an unfamiliar sound, a child
becomes alert, freezes, and it seems that he is listening carefully to
him. If the sound is repeated several times, the child stops paying attention.
him attention. To re-interest your child, you can change the sound,
for example, instead of ringing a bell, let your baby listen to a rattle or
a toy that can squeak.
During this period, the connection between what he sees and what he sees becomes stronger in the child’s mind.
heard. After a little training, he will look at each time
the bell hanging over his crib when it rings. Baby in different ways
reacts to various sounds. Music calms him down, loud noise scares him, and
a whistle or ringing arouses interest.
We understand our child
From the moment of birth, each child presents a distinct
individuality with characteristic distinctive features. However
Only by the end of the first month of the baby’s life do parents begin to truly
recognize him. Now they can tell a lot about their child,
including the whole range of his behavior: what he is like when he is calm or
excited when he is in a good mood or naughty, resting or
moves, whether he calms down easily or not, whether his actions are predictable or
no, quickly or slowly he reacts to what is happening around him. Parents
know the best way to hold him in your arms and how to soothe and
put to bed. They can tell when he is screaming in pain, when in
hunger, and when his cry means: “Nothing terrible happened. Just me
I want to be caressed."
A one-month-old baby loses the sleepiness characteristic of newborns.
wandering glance. Now the baby is able to stay awake for quite a long time before and
after feeding, but he is still not ready for influences that have
harsh character. If he hears too loud sounds, sees a bright light,
feels too energetic touches, he is unable to separate one
feeling from another. Overloaded with impressions, the baby begins to get nervous
and get irritated. Indeed, at this age many children have
there are certain periods when they suddenly become overtired and
start to get capricious. At such moments, one baby can be calmed by taking
in your arms, shaking or rhythmically patting your back. The other one will stop crying and
He will fall asleep if he is wrapped in a blanket or comfortably placed in a stroller.
However, it happens that a very active or restless baby does not respond
no effort on the part of the parents and his unceasing crying creates
tense situation at home. This child needs to be given some time
scream so that he can free himself from internal tension. We hope,
what is listed below-
These methods will help you calm a restless baby.
1. Try to complete daily tasks such as
feeding, swaddling, bathing and massage before bedtime, in a balanced
calm state.
2. Sit in a rocking chair in a dimly lit room. Take your child to
hands and gently sway while humming a melody. If the child is tense and
arches, place him belly down on your lap or place him in a large
comfortable stroller and rock it gently. Hum something in a low voice.
3. While rocking for a while, listen to the scream. Didn't he start
subside? Maybe it has become less shrill and loud? If you
you will feel that the crying has become sleepier and quieter, continue to rock even more
within five minutes.
4. It also happens that crying does not subside, but, on the contrary, intensifies. In that
If necessary, gently place your baby on his stomach in the crib. Turn it on low
music - radio or music box, and tiptoe out of the room.
5. If the screaming continues for more than 10 minutes, return to normal activities.
Be confident in yourself and do not forget that while doing business, you need to maintain
their usual consistency, calm and balance.
6. Finally, if you see that your child always has difficulty falling asleep,
consult your pediatrician.
A one-month-old baby is not yet ready for contact with others, however
he strives for communication. Try playing a one-on-one game with your baby.
one": you and the child look intently into each other's eyes, then look away
them to the side and meet their gaze again. In such a simple way parents
develop a child’s communication skill, which becomes his first
step towards spoken language. And after some time the child begins
"walk". Although his sound repertoire is not rich and
limited to one or two front vowels, it is at its most
in the full sense of the word learns to speak.
It's very funny to watch parents who are engaged in conversation with
with your baby. An adult raises his eyebrows high, opens his eyes wide and
rounds his mouth, or, conversely, frowns, squints his eyes and purses his lips. He
may nod his head and lean close to the child's face or slightly
throw back your head. Through such grimaces and movements that at first
the gaze seems unnatural, parents introduce the child to sign language,
which serves as an integral element of spoken language. Open look
a face turned to the baby indicates the adult’s desire to communicate with
child, call him for a dialogue. And vice versa, if the facial expression
the adult becomes detached and turns away, this means that
Now there will be a pause in the conversation.
Such conversations, no matter how short they may be, usually take place in
a certain sequence. First, dad or mom raise their voice to
attract the child's attention. When the baby starts making different noises in response
sounds, this inspires the adult, and the conversation is enlivened, which, in turn,
turn causes strong excitement in the child. Then, as
the baby's excitement subsides, the adult's voice gradually lowers, and he withdraws
look to the side. After a few seconds, the “interlocutors” look at each other again
friend, and the conversation resumes. Over time, thanks to such conversations, in
your family can establish a daily ritual that is enjoyable
both baby and parents.
ACTIVITIES WITH A CHILD
Practical advice
Conversation with a child
Most of all, the child loves to listen to the human voice. Greetings
him when entering a room and take every opportunity to talk to
him.
Speak loudly when you want to get your baby's attention, and softly when
I need to calm him down. Changing the timbre of the voice from low to high and vice versa,
You can maintain the child's interest for a long time.
Daddy's games
Mom and dad play with the child differently. Since each of them
brings something of his own into communication with the baby, it is important that they both participate in
his upbringing. Change the baby's position. Try to position the child
so that he is surrounded by a wide variety of objects. For example,
if you take it for a ride in the car, place it on the car seat
something bright to spark his imagination. (Every time you
If you are traveling in a car together, do not forget to check that the car has everything
necessary devices to ensure the safety of the child during
trips.)
Game time
Vision
"Doll from a plate"
Make a doll for your baby by drawing a face and
attaching a handle to the side. Move the plate in different directions
a distance of 25 centimeters from the child’s face. After a while baby
will begin to follow the toy, and a smile will appear on his face.
Subject Observation
Let your child observe a rattle, flashlight, or brightly colored toy.
Move the object from left to right at a distance of 25 - 30 centimeters from
baby's face. When he learns to follow it, moving his eyes horizontally,
start moving vertically, from the baby’s forehead to the chin. Finally,
try rotating the object in a circle. Don't forget to follow your mood
baby and be prepared to stop playing if you feel tired or
he got bored.
Look at me
Let your child watch your face. When you move left
to the right, the baby will follow you with his eyes and turn his head.
Skipjack
Sew a rubber ribbon onto one end of a small soft toy.
Attach the other end to the ceiling. Place the child so that the toy
was directly above him, and make the toy animal jump up and
down. As he gets older, the baby will be able to reach out and grab it with his hands.
View from the crib
If the walls of the crib are made of transparent plastic,
The child will be able to look through them at surrounding objects.
Moving toy
Hang a toy above the crib that can be easily
move. When choosing a toy, imagine how your baby will perceive it. Let in
for several days she will hang on one side of the crib,
and then on the other. When the baby gets used to it and you notice that he
able to hold his gaze on her for several moments, hang others
toys on the sides of the crib.
Perception of sounds
Children's poems
Introduce your child to poetic rhythm and meter.
Tell him some well-known and favorite children's poems,
for example: “One, two, three, four, five, the bunny went out for a walk...” or
come up with your own. Take any song and just change it
words.
Booties with a bell
Tie bells to baby booties. Every time I move my leg,
The baby will hear the bell ringing.
Where I am?
Talk to your baby lying in the crib at the same time
moving around the room. By following your movements, he will develop
vision and hearing.
Feel
Massage your baby's fingers and toes
Massage each finger separately. Thanks to this pleasant
feeling, the child will feel his body better.
Development of touch
Rub your child's hands and feet with mittens made from different
material - silk, corduroy, satin, wool, flannel or terry cloth.
Light touch
Gently stroke the baby with a brush, feather or piece of cotton wool. To him
I'll love these gentle touches.
Pleasant smells
Dip cotton balls into different aromatic liquids, such as
cologne, mint or vanilla eau de toilette. Let your baby smell them
- will help in the development of his sense of smell.
Exercises
Raise and lower your baby's arms
Place the baby on his back, gently lift his arms above his head and
lower them down, then cross them in front of your chest and spread them to the sides. At
hum a song while doing this.
A walk on the bike
Place the baby on his back, carefully move his legs, imitating
cyclist's leg movements. During the exercise, sing a song, for example:
“We are going, going, going to distant lands...”
Looking up
Place your baby on the floor tummy down. Sit next to him and call
by name, show him a bright toy. The baby will try to lift
head, thereby developing the muscles of the neck, back and arms.
Look at mom
Do the same exercise, only this time you have to lie down on
back and place the baby on your stomach. When calling your child by name, try
so that he raises his head and looks at you.
Grandfather's everyday
Feeding time
Change baby's position
When you breastfeed, you naturally change your baby's position. However
If you feed your baby from a bottle, try to do it so that he can see
surrounding objects from different angles of view.
Wrap the baby horn
If your baby is sucking from a bottle, wrap the bottle in a cloth and let it
the baby touches it while eating. The case for the horn can be purchased at
store or make it from a brightly colored sock.
Bright towel
Before you start feeding your baby, place a bright light on your shoulder.
a colored towel or throw on a bright scarf. The child will enjoy the time
time to look at your face and then at the towel. If the view
bright things distract the baby, don’t show them until you’re done
feeding.
Bath time
Soft touch
Continue massaging your baby. While massaging his body, hum a quiet
lullaby Your touch and singing will help your baby relax and
feel safe.
Wrap up the baby
After bathing and wrapping your baby in a towel, play hide and seek with him.
(Hide your face behind the edge of the towel, then look out and say, “Peek-a-boo.”)
Changing time
Entertainment
Hang a few lightweight toys above the baby's changing table. On
The child will calm down for a while, studying each toy.
Breathe over your baby's arms and tummy
Warm your baby's arms and tummy with your breath. Focusing
on different parts of his body, he gets to know himself better.
Time relax
Fluttering ribbons
Attach short colored ribbons to the plastic ring. Hang
them next to the crib. Open a window or turn on the electric
fan, so that the ribbons flutter. It will be nice for your child to go to bed
watch them.
Short rest
If you have a free moment, relax with your child.
Sitting comfortably on a bed or soft carpet, place your baby on your
breast. Your calm, rhythmic breathing will calm your baby, and you will both remain
happy with the time spent together.
Ekaterina Morozova
Reading time: 11 minutes
A A
A big misconception among parents about a newborn child is that the baby does not hear, see, or feel until a certain time, and, accordingly, does not need activities and games. This is far from true; the development of a baby, like upbringing, should begin from birth, and ideally, from his life in the womb.
Today we will tell you how to deal with a newborn baby
, and what games will be useful to you in this.
Child development in the 1st month of life
The first month of a newborn’s life can rightfully be called the most difficult. After all, during this period the baby should adapt to environmental conditions outside the mother's body. The baby sleeps a lot, and when he wakes up, he behaves depending on his physiological state.
It can be said that active waking hours are sometimes difficult to predict, so do not plan games with newborns in advance. Just use the right opportunity when you and your baby are able to interact positively. Usually this time is 5-10 minutes after eating .
- Developing vision
Attach a music mobile to the crib. It will certainly arouse the baby’s interest, and he will want to follow its movements. Read also: - We teach to imitate
Some children even at this age manage to imitate adults. Show your tongue or make funny faces that can make your baby laugh. - Let's amuse the ears
Hang a bell on an elastic band and show your baby the “movement = sound” pattern. The baby may enjoy a beautiful observation associated with sound. - Dancing dancing
Turn on the music, take your baby in your arms and try to dance a little, swaying and shaking to the beat of your favorite songs. - Strange noises
Take the simplest rattle and shake it slightly to the right and left of the baby. After waiting for a positive reaction from the baby, you can increase the volume. The baby will begin to understand that the mysterious sound is heard from outside and will begin to look for its cause with his eyes. - Palm circumference
If you hold out a rattle or finger to your baby, touching your palm, he will try to grasp it with his hand.
Educational games for a newborn in the 2nd month of life
The baby's gaze is more focused. He can carefully observe a moving object one step away from him. He also reacts sensitively to sounds and tries to determine where they come from .
It is very interesting that 2 months. baby already builds simple cause-and-effect relationships . For example, he understands that someone is coming to his voice.
- Controlling arms and legs
Dress your baby in plain clothes with brightly colored cuffs sewn on, or wear fun socks. To see these objects, the baby will have to control his arms and legs. For variety, you can change your socks or put them on only one side. - Puppet show
Get the child interested, and then move the hand puppet so that the child has time to watch it. - Amazing squeak
Let the baby squeeze a squeaking toy in his fist, then he will feel his hands better. - Doll from a plate
Draw a kind and sad face on a paper plate. Then turn it so that the baby can see different sides. Soon the baby will enjoy the cheerful image and even talk to it. - Up down
Throw soft pompoms up so that they touch the child when they fall. At the same time, warn about its fall. After some time, the baby will expect the pompom, adapting to your words and intonation. - Young cyclist
Place your baby on a safe surface, hold his feet and use his legs to move like a cyclist. - Reach with your foot
Attach objects of different textures or sounds above the crib. Make sure your baby can reach them with his foot. As a result of this game, the baby will begin to distinguish between soft and hard objects, quiet and loud, smooth and embossed.
Educational games for a three month old baby
At this age, the baby's reactions become more meaningful. For example, you can already distinguish several types of laughter and crying. The child is already can recognize your voice, face and smell . He willingly interacts with close relatives and even responds with a touching coo .
As for physical development, a 3-month baby has better hand control, can pick up the right toy, and can learn to clap its hands . He is no longer so tired of holding his head, he turns over on his side and rises on his elbows.
- Reliable sandbox
Place some oatmeal in a large container and place an oilcloth under the bowl. Holding your baby, show how pleasant it is to pass flour through your fingers. You can give him small containers to pour into. - Find a toy!
Show your baby a bright toy. When he becomes interested in it and wants to take it, cover the toy with a scarf or napkin. Show your baby how to “release” the toy by pulling the end of the napkin. - Finding the ball
Roll a bright ball at a distance from the baby. Wait for him to notice it and want to crawl towards it. In this way he will learn to coordinate his movements.
Educational games and activities for a 4 month old baby
At this age the baby can roll over on its back or tummy . He's good lifts the upper body, turns the head in different directions and trying to crawl . At this stage of development, it is important to help the baby understand the capabilities of his body and its sensation in space.
At this time you can develop an ear for music, choosing different melodies, songs and sound toys. In addition, you may notice that the baby wants to actively communicate in “his own language.”
- Plastic box with toys or water can interest the baby for a long time.
- Paper games
Take thin printer sheets or soft toilet paper and show your baby how to tear or crumple them. This develops fine motor skills well. - Plaid
Fold the blanket in four and place the baby in the middle. Now rock the baby in different directions so that he can roll. This educational game for newborns will teach him to roll over quickly.
Development of a 5 month old child in play
Baby is good this month detects changes in intonation and distinguishes between “friends” and “strangers” . He already has some accumulated information experience , which facilitates developmental activities from birth.
Recently you taught your baby to focus his gaze on one toy, but now he can choose the desired item
. Now you can teach your baby to manipulate objects so that he can keep himself occupied in the future. 
- Encouraging crawling
Place a musical top not far from the baby, to which you need to crawl. The pleasant sound and bright appearance of the toy motivate the baby to crawl. - Pull the ribbon!
Tie a ribbon or string to a bright, attractive toy. Place the toy away from the baby lying on his tummy, and give the end of the string or ribbon to his hands. Show your child how to pull the ribbon to make the toy come closer. Please note that ribbon and rope should not be left for the child to play with when you are not in the room with him! - Hide and seek
Cover the baby with a diaper, then call and open the baby's face. This way you will accustom him to your name. You can also do this with your loved ones so that the baby himself tries to call you or your friends.
Educational games for babies in the 6th month of life
Baby at 6 months responds to name and needs constant communication. He enjoys learning educational games like boxes that need to be closed or folding pyramids.
Child crawls confidently , perhaps - sits down independently, and controls both handles well . At this stage, adults rarely have the question of how to play with a newborn baby, because the child comes up with his own entertainment . Your task is only to support his attempts at independent development.
- Different sounds
Fill 2 plastic bottles with different volumes of water. The child will tap them with a spoon and notice the difference in sound. - Obstacle course
Make crawling more difficult with bolsters and pillows. Place them on the path to your favorite toy. - Offer a choice
Let the baby hold a toy in each hand. At this point, offer him a third one. He will, of course, drop the rest, but will gradually begin to make a “choice” decision.
The baby's intensive development occurs in the first year of his life. Every day, parents notice changes in his facial expressions, sounds, and skills. The best way to help your baby explore the world is through play. The large selection of different techniques and ready-made materials can be confusing at first. There are also entire developmental programs from birth. It seems that one is more effective than the other. How can new parents understand what the modern world offers today? What activities and games are relevant in this or that period? In this article you can find answers to these questions and learn a lot of interesting things.
Child development stages
The first important stage in the life of every child is the first month of life, when it is also commonly called a newborn. The second stage is up to three months of life, when the baby begins to actively move and roll over. Next comes a very important period of up to six months. At this stage, the child develops the ability to crawl and hold a toy in his hand. The baby actively makes various sounds, reacts to the adult’s voice and tries to conduct his own dialogue. To help your baby explore the world in all its bright colors, you don’t need to spend a lot of effort. Everything an adult needs can be at hand.
The third stage is up to twelve months of age. By this period, the baby already knows a lot of new things, and even greater discoveries await him. An adult must help the child say the first word and take the first steps. And to make this happen, there are several tricks that are easy to use during the child's development process.
When you find yourself in a children's store or go to an online store page, it is best to focus on the gradation of sections by age. Toys and other children's products should not only be of high quality, affordable and safe. They must teach the child something at this stage of development.
First three months
How to develop a child from birth and how necessary is this in the first days of his life? Time flies with a newborn. It seems that one day is the same as the next. This is because global changes are taking place in the life of the baby and his mother. At this stage, the question of how to develop a child from birth is not at all in the first place for parents. Indeed, teaching him colors and sounds at this stage will not be relevant at all. What is most important in the first month of a baby’s life? Maintaining a sense of closeness and presence next to the baby. Therefore, pediatricians recommend touching him more often during periods of wakefulness, stroking him, holding him in your arms, and talking in a soft and calm voice.
From the second month of life, the baby has more time when he is awake. And this is a good reason for new discoveries. How to properly develop a child from birth and what should you pay attention to? The mother may notice how the child begins to react to loud noises. If he cries, the sound of a rattle can distract your baby for a while. It will be better if the toy is multi-colored, two or three colors. In the future, this will allow us to continue developing lessons on learning colors.
The development of facial expressions in a baby during the first three months of life occurs unnoticed by others. Everything is very simple, he distinguishes between a smile and the faces of those who are nearby. If the mother is happy, the baby responds to her in the same way.
Development through music
The child begins to respond to voices and sounds from birth. The mother may notice clearer movements after the first month of life, when the baby begins to turn his head in response to her voice. How to develop a child’s response to sounds and voice from birth? There are several ways:
- The mother's voice is the one the baby hears most often. You can sing songs, talk about what someone is doing at the moment, what they are doing. The main thing is to monitor the timbre of your voice and the pace of speech. The voice should be calm, soft, melodic. In this way, the baby gets to know his mother’s mood, learns and imitates. In the future, the child will copy the speech of his parents and imitate them, pronounce words in the same style.
- Instrumental music and sounds of nature help to calm down, immerse yourself in another space where the imagination develops. If this is music without words, then it should be calm, quiet, without sudden changes. It is worth turning on music at moments when the child is in a good mood. It promotes relaxation and reduces the feeling of anxiety that is characteristic of a baby during the first three months of life.
- For babies aged three months and older, when their waking hours become longer, musical instruments can be suggested as educational toys. You shouldn’t buy a drum or harpsichord right away. A small bell, children's small maracas, rattles that are comfortable to hold in your hand will become the first guides to the world of loud and ringing sounds. Some educational toys and rugs combine several of these functions.
During a monthly examination with a pediatrician, the doctor must give recommendations on how to develop a child from birth month by month. For babies in the first three months of life, it is extremely important to feel the presence of a loving parent. Therefore, recently more and more doctors are advocating that mothers should not refuse to sleep together with their baby, at least during the daytime. This develops in the child a sense of confidence that he was not left alone, he is needed and is protected. In the future, this will have an impact on the child’s connection with the adult, their relationship.
In the third month of life, it is recommended to take the first course of massage. It will develop muscles and joints and strengthen the skeleton. After such activities, babies begin to roll over, sit up, and then crawl faster. This is an important stage in a child's development.
Fourth month
An inquisitive baby is becoming more and more active and at this time he has to do a lot of things. He studies himself, so his hands go into his mouth as often as anything that happens to be nearby. At this stage, suitable educational games for children from birth (in particular, for a four-month-old baby) are:
- Developmental mats that will encourage your baby to roll over and reach up for a toy. The best place for this is to clean the floor.
- The crib can also become a place for developmental activities; at a distance of 30-40 cm from the baby, you can hang a baby mobile or rings that you can grab with your hands. The safety of the material from which they are made is an important point. If it is plastic, then such products are easier to care for. Textile educational mobiles will not cause harm; the baby will be able to crush them in his hand.
Fifth month
If the child can already rise in his arms and remain in this position for some time, the mother is recommended to stimulate each such movement. Your favorite toy can be placed not nearby, but at a short distance from the baby. You shouldn't help him, let him grumble if he can't take it right away. Some babies learn to sit up at this age. Therefore, a parent may notice that more and more often the child falls on his side and may spend some time in a half-sitting position. The most fun thing a child can do is pull his foot into his mouth. In this way he can occupy himself for a long time. This is a unique way of developing and learning about your body parts.
At the age of five months, the baby can be shown various pictures that develop color perception and shape in children from birth. Therefore, you can start reading children's fairy tales and little nursery rhymes. It is advisable to choose books with pages made of thick cardboard. Reading a book develops a child’s hearing and attention from birth. Any works of art whose content is simple to understand and easy to perceive are suitable.
Sixth month
By this time, parents already have some knowledge in terms of how to develop a child from birth. A six-month-old baby is very active and requires more and more attention. Various games and fun will help channel your energy in the right direction. With their help, you can teach your baby to crawl and stand on all fours. If the child already sits confidently on his own, then he can be slowly taught to move around using a mobile phone. It is necessary to focus on development and physical readiness. Under no circumstances should you force the baby. Any games and activities should be carried out only when the baby is in good health and mood.
At six months, a baby can or learn to play independently for some time. If you occupy him with the process of folding or searching, then he can spend from 5 to 15 minutes on this. You can develop coordination of movements with the help of a simple pyramid. In order for all the rings or cubes to be on the stand, they must be strung one on top of the other. It can also be a soft construction set or cubes. Experienced parents recommend using toys that are easy to wash or wash. The baby not only learns to identify objects by touch and study them, but also takes advantage of every opportunity to put a toy in his mouth. To distract him from this, you can remember the old game “Ladushki”. By cheerfully clapping your hands, the baby develops hand coordination and also experiences a kind of massage.
Advanced parents try to develop their child from birth. As soon as complementary foods are introduced, a new stage begins in terms of studying the taste qualities of new products. If your baby wants to try to take the puree with a spoon and put it in his mouth, do not resist this. This also applies to using a special sippy cup. Some of them have a straw through which the baby learns to drink by sucking in water and swallowing it. This skill will allow you to drink juices and drinks in the future without choking. The properties of dishes can also become an element of development. Thus, there are special chameleon spoons on sale that change color as the temperature drops.
Seventh month
Active crawling and learning about everything that the baby may have at hand allows you to turn the whole house into a continuous field for the development of skills. In terms of safety, you should make sure that there are no fragile objects, sharp corners, hot appliances or doors that could pinch your fingers. At the same time, you should not turn the place for moving the baby into a sterile and empty room. Curiosity is what allows a child to develop his intelligence after birth. As soon as cabinets with various contents and drawers become available to him, the parent can only make sure that the room does not turn into a dump. Therefore, you can limit its area to one section, for example, with pots in which various bowls are placed. This is a replacement for pyramids and sorters, but does not require additional financial costs from the parent.
If the baby begins to stand up and move around independently, it is better to use a walker. Children who are quietly in the crib while awake can learn their first steps by moving around its perimeter, holding on to the soft sides.
You can continue to study the shapes of objects, colors, and body parts. If the parent has previously actively interacted with the baby, talked and told him about it in a playful way, then the child will be able to answer the question by pointing to the correct answer with his finger. These can be the simplest questions, for example, “Where is mom?”, “Where is the nose?”. Also, at the age of six months, the child learns to imitate an adult by making various sounds. The parent can imitate the sounds that animals make. The simplest syllables will later help you move on to the first words. For example, “me-me”, “mu-mu”, “meow”, “av”. Such educational games allow you to develop memory and imagination from birth.
What to do with an eight-month-old baby
Time flies, and eight months have already passed since the birth of the child. How to develop a baby at this age? It is important to maintain his knowledge and stimulate him to acquire new skills. The development of the musculoskeletal system is one of the key tasks. Pediatricians recommend taking another course of massage by this time. If the baby's bones are ready, then at 8 months he already sits confidently on his own, while keeping his back straight, walking, holding onto support, falling and landing on his butt.
While awake, when the baby feels good and calm, you can captivate him by showing him various educational cards with images of animals, shapes, and colors. This is how we develop a child. From birth to one year, this technique has its own directions taking into account age and in the future can be actively used by parents as a game.
Nine months to a year
When we develop a child from birth to one year, we believe that a lot of time and money are spent on this. However, do not forget that most items are available and at hand, without requiring extra costs. Even habitual household manipulations are quite capable of captivating the attention of the baby. After all, this is all happening for the first time for him.
One of the important everyday skills is communication with adults; it can be developed with the help of simple movements, for example, waving your hand when saying goodbye or when meeting. Some parents note that at this stage the baby may require more attention from the mother. He already understands when she is around and when she is not. The fear of being left without her, even with friends and family, can greatly frighten him. That is why it is important that both parents participate in the process of raising a baby from birth. Developmental activities can keep a baby occupied and captivated for a long time, but even if he is busy when his mother leaves, under no circumstances should he leave secretly. Adults should teach the child to part with his mother and rejoice when meeting her. The child already understands a lot, he is easily occupied or distracted without being frightened by separation from his mother.
The development of a child's intelligence begins from birth. The child is already able to hear, see, experience taste and olfactory sensations. In this way, the baby receives information up to two months, and later learns to feel and distinguish between integral objects, mainly people. The baby perks up at the sight of his mother or a familiar person, or when he hears a familiar voice.
Development of a child's intelligence from birth to three months
Baby development 4 weeks:
The child calms down if he is picked up and rocked;
perks up at the sound of the voice of a mother or another loved one (or vice versa freezes);
communicates his needs by crying. When you are hungry or want to sleep;
if you communicate with the child closely enough, he carefully examines the person’s face;
he immediately pays attention to the object placed in front of him. He looks at him carefully.
Baby development at 2 months:
During breastfeeding, he may stop briefly to examine the mother’s face and look into her eyes;
smiles back;
when they talk to him, he makes sounds and hums;
shakes a rattle placed in his hand;
follows movement with his eyes;
opens his mouth when he feels the proximity of his mother's breast and at the sight of a bottle.
Baby development at 3 months:
Recognizes the faces of familiar people;
when they talk to a child, he becomes animated and laughs in response;
looks at toys, her hands and fingers.
How to develop a child's intelligence from birth
Fine motor skills
At this time, auditory attention and skin sensitivity develop - the ability to recognize objects of different textures.
Babies really like to be stroked with a soft toy; it is better if this toy makes different sounds. Pet the baby with a toy and hide it, the child will start looking for the toy, worry, continue the game.
Walk along the baby's tummy with your index finger and little finger, saying:
The horned goat is coming,
There's a butted goat coming.
Who hasn't eaten porridge?
I didn’t drink milk, -
He's gored, gored.
You will see how much delight this famous goat will cause in a child.
The very first object of close attention for infants is their own hands. While in the crib, babies carefully study them, examine their fingers, and taste them. This is a very important activity that helps you feel your hands better, which contributes to the formation of fine motor skills, which is important for the development of the area of the cerebral cortex responsible for the development of speech.
Play finger games with your baby more often, stretch each finger, stroke your palms, rub your baby’s palms together, blow on them. At the same time, say kind words or small poems, for example:
Clap clap,
You're a sweetheart!
Clap clap,
My little one!
Develop baby's observation skills
To develop observation skills, it is necessary to regularly replenish the baby’s objective world with unfamiliar objects. Since up to three months the baby spends all his time mainly in the crib, be sure to arrange traditional entertainment for him - hanging toys.
It is not necessary to buy a mobile with toys above the crib; ordinary toys on a cord, balls and ribbons are even preferable; you can change toys every day. Toys should be positioned so that the child cannot reach them, but only looks at them.
Most of all, a child loves to watch moving objects, now it’s not difficult to find such a mobile, but you can connect the child’s hand or leg with toys with a ribbon, when the moving object is ready!
Prepare your baby to master speech
We are all familiar with works from childhood in which children, raised in the forest by animals, subsequently adapt to society. It must be said that these works do not have a shred of reality behind them. Children left without human communication will not be able to master human speech and, as a result, conceptual thinking; in their mental development they will remain at the level of animals.
It is necessary to prepare a baby to master the stream from the first days of life. Constantly talk and communicate with the child - when you walk, bathe, dress the child. Talk to him, explain your actions, identify the objects you use.
Encourage the baby to imitate you, pronounce sounds, for starters the melodious vowels “a”, “o”, “u” and the repeated syllables “ma-ma”, “la-la-la”, “da-da-da”. Or do the opposite, as soon as the child starts to babble, repeat the same sounds after him. In this case, it is desirable that the child sees your face and the movements of your lips.
It was noticed that children began to speak earlier than others; some parents immediately reacted to the baby’s crying, immediately coming to the child to eliminate the source of the crying and simply calm him down.
The most important qualities are activity and enterprise
Genuine intellectuals are inquisitive people who are able to perfectly assimilate other people's experiences and also generate new ideas. Therefore, one should always encourage the development of the intellect and cognitive activity of the baby.
The baby is interested in everything. And first of all, of course, the people who surround him, their faces and voices. Play with the baby, make grimaces, funny faces. He may smile back or try to imitate your grimace.
To help your baby learn to focus on sounds, you can hang several bells or the “wind chime” talisman, popular in Feng Shui, above the crib.
To develop the sensitivity of the skin, offer your baby pieces of different materials - various fabrics, sponge, rubber, leather, wool. They can be used to stroke the baby's arms or body.
Already in infancy, you can begin to work with your baby according to Nikolai Zaitsev’s method, built on the principle of “all at once.” Initially, you can hang the tables and sing the warehouses while demonstrating them to the baby.
All parents, without exception, worry about the health of their child. The issue of full physical, mental, and neuropsychic development especially worries parents in the first year of the baby’s life. How does a child develop month by month? We offer for consideration an approximate plan for the development of a toddler: we will evaluate the psychophysical development of a child up to one year old, terms and standards according to WHO.
Up to one year, all babies develop approximately the same, but you need to make allowances for the individual characteristics and parameters of the child at birth
Table of physical parameters up to a year
To assess the rate of growth, weight gain and physical development of the baby, it is worth familiarizing yourself with the average generally accepted indicators of the stages of development of a child up to one year. However, we must not forget that all children have individual development schedules; exact compliance with the given tables is not mandatory; minor deviations from the norms are allowed. Do not forget also that boys and girls differ slightly in their neuropsychic development, but if the baby does not acquire normal skills and development indicators for his age for a long time, you should consult a doctor.
Table of physiological parameters of a child up to one year: (we recommend reading:)
| Age, months | Height, cm | Weight, kg | Head circumference, cm | Chest circumference, cm |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 49,0 - 54,0 | 2,6 - 4,0 | 33,0 - 37,0 | 31,0 - 35,9 | |
| 1 | 52,0 - 55,0 | 3,0 - 4,3 | 35,8 - 37,2 | 34,0 - 36,0 |
| 2 | 55,0 - 57,0 | 4,5 - 5,0 | 37,5 - 38,5 | 36,0 - 38,0 |
| 3 | 58,0 - 60,0 | 4,0 - 6,0 | 38,0 - 40,0 | 36,0 - 39,0 |
| 4 | 60,0 - 63,0 | 4,5 - 6,5 | 38,0 - 40,0 | 36,0 - 40,0 |
| 5 | 63,0 - 67,0 | 6,5 - 7,5 | 37,5 - 42,2 | 37,0 - 42,0 |
| 6 | 65,0 - 69,0 | 7,5 - 7,8 | 42,0 - 43,8 | 42,0 - 45,0 |
| 7 | 67,0 - 71,0 | 8,0 - 8,8 | 43,8 - 44,2 | 45,0 - 46,0 |
| 8 | 71,0 - 72,0 | 8,4 - 9,4 | 44,2 - 45,2 | 46,0 - 47,0 |
| 9 | 72,0 - 73,0 | 9,4 - 10,0 | 45,2 - 46,3 | 46,5 - 47,5 |
| 10 | 73,0 - 74,0 | 9,6 - 10,5 | 46,0 - 47,0 | 47,0 - 48,0 |
| 11 | 74,0 - 75,0 | 10,0 - 11,0 | 46,2 - 47,2 | 47,5 - 48,5 |
| 12 | 75,0 - 76,0 | 10,5 - 11,5 | 47,0 - 47,5 | 48,0 - 49,0 |
So, how does a newborn baby grow during the first year? Let's consider the development of a child up to one year using a calendar divided into every 3 months from the birth of the baby.
From birth to 3 months
A newborn is born with developed hearing and vision. There is a clear manifestation of innate reflexes: the child can suck, swallow, blink and grab from the first minutes of life. However, the baby is not yet capable of rolling over. A newborn cannot lift his head from a position on his tummy, but the instinct of self-preservation kicks in - he turns his head onto his cheek.
The baby is able to hold his head for several seconds and tries to lift it when he lies on his tummy. In a month, a response to sounds and sudden movements occurs, expressed in the involuntary spreading of the arms and their subsequent pressing to the body. Spontaneous imitation of walking can also be observed.
2 MONTHS
The baby lifts and holds the head “standing” for 1 – 1.5 minutes, and from a position on the tummy, it can lift not only the head, but also the chest. Pays attention to sounds and bright lights by turning his head and looking attentively. There is an intensive development of the vestibular apparatus. The child grabs and holds moving objects.
3 MONTHS
At 3 months, the baby should hold his head well for 1 to 3 minutes. From a lying position on his stomach he can rise up, leaning on his elbows. He begins to roll over, spin, and change position, but there is still no clear coordination in his movements. He watches the toys with interest and reaches out to them. He begins to put his fingers in his mouth, grab and pull the sheet.
I like the company of adults. Communication with parents is very captivating for the baby, the baby “comes to life”, shows joy, smiles, laughs. Can walk for a long time, turns its head towards unfamiliar sounds. Now the baby is especially touching, don’t forget to take photos often as a keepsake!
At three months, the baby begins to actively socialize – he becomes more emotional and reacts vividly to other people. Physical Features
| Month | Movements and skills | Vision | Hearing |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Arms and legs are bent, movements are poorly coordinated. Everything is built on unconditioned reflexes. The sucking and grasping reflexes are especially pronounced. By the end of the month he can turn his head. | Can keep a face or toy in sight for several minutes. Can follow with its eyes a toy moving in an arc (so-called “automatic tracking”). | The mucous fluid in the eardrum gradually dissolves, as a result of which hearing improves. The baby listens to the voice and rattle. |
| 2 | Active movements develop: moves the arms to the sides, turns the head. In the prone position, maybe for 5 seconds. raise your head. Hand movements are improved: 2-3 sec. holds the rattle and hits it. | Smoothly follows moving objects for 10-15 seconds. Fixes gaze on the toy/face for 20-25 seconds. Able to perceive objects three-dimensionally. | Focuses on sounds for 5-10 seconds. and turns his head towards the sounds of the rattle and voice. |
| 3 | Within 30 sec. holds the head in the hands of an adult, and during 1 minute – lying on your stomach. In this position, he rises on his arms, leaning on his elbows. When the baby is held under the armpits, he rests his feet on the surface, while his legs are straightened. There is a general motor “revival”: it can bend, become a “bridge” and fall onto the crib. The grasping reflex transforms into a conscious grasp. | Interested (and not automatically) follows a toy moving in an arc. Reviewed for about 5 minutes. your hands. He is interested in all nearby objects (up to 60 cm from the eyes). | “Localization” of sound is formed: first, the child turns his eyes in the direction of the sound, and then turns his head. Begins to react poorly to loud, sharp sounds: freezes, winces and then cries. |
Neuropsychic development
| Month | Emotions | Speech | Intelligence |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | By the end of the month, he smiles back at his mother and calms down from the affectionate intonations. He listens to voices and joyfully wiggles his arms and legs in response to loud speech. Gradually, a “revival complex” is formed - a reaction to a loved one. | Pronounces guttural sounds: uh, k-kh, gee. | The second stage of sensorimotor intelligence. The baby adapts to the world around him, interest in objects appears, and coordinated movement of hands and eyes develops. |
| 2 | The child responds with a smile when addressed to him and wiggles his arms and legs. | In communication, the sounds of the initial stage of humming appear: ag-k-kh, k-khkh. The scream takes on different intonations. | Interest in external objects increases, visual orientation reactions improve. |
| 3 | The revival complex manifests itself 100% - this is the first conscious act of behavior, an attempt to interact with an adult “eye to eye.” The revitalization complex marks the beginning of the infancy stage. | Vowel sounds and their different combinations appear: aaa, ae, ay, a-gu. | Interest in the environment becomes selective and conscious. |
From 4 months to six months
4 MONTHS
While in a supine position, the infant raises his head. If you put it on its legs, it rests firmly on them. Starts to sit up and can easily roll over from back to tummy. Freely lifts the body and rests on the palms when lying on the tummy. Carefully observes objects and can grab them. Played with rattles (we recommend reading:).
5 MONTHS
The baby can sit, but still does not hold his back straight; he can stand on his legs if he is held by the arms. Makes first attempts to roll over from tummy to back. Holds an interesting object in his hand for a long time. Recognizes parents, begins to be afraid of strangers. According to Komarovsky, the baby already understands various vocal intonations and begins to distinguish and understand the mother’s emotions.
6 MONTHS
At this stage, the child can already sit. It holds its back straight and easily rotates in all directions. With a little help from an adult, he can stand on his feet and tries to walk. He begins to get on all fours and move around in this way. Already actively waving toys, picking up fallen objects.
Noticeable changes also occur in speech:
- begins to express the first requests;
- the humming is replaced by simple babbling sounds “ma”, “pa”, “ba”.
Physical Features
| Month | Movements and skills | Vision | Hearing |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | He turns on his side and tries to roll over. Holds toys well and pulls them into his mouth. During feeding, he touches the breast or bottle with his hands, trying to hold it. | Recognizes loved ones, smiling back, recognizes himself in the mirror. Watches the toy for about 3 minutes. | Freezes at the sound of music. Clearly turns the head towards the sound source. Distinguishes voices. |
| 5 | While lying on his back, the baby tries to raise his head and shoulders (as if trying to stand up). When lying on his stomach, he rises up, resting his palms on his straight arms. You can sit for a short time, holding onto the support with both hands. He studies objects by touch for a long time and puts them in his mouth. Skills: eats semi-thick food from a spoon, drinks water from a cup. | Distinguishes between close and unfamiliar people. Watches the toy for 10-15 minutes. | Distinguishes the intonations of speakers. Confidently turns his whole body towards the source of the sound. |
| 6 | Rolls over from tummy to back. Practices crawling using hand pull-ups. Sits with support. Stands steadily if an adult supports him under the arms. Confidently reaches and grabs objects, transfers a toy from one hand to another. Can hold a bottle with one or two hands. | Visual acuity develops, very small objects become interesting. | Listens to whispers and other quiet sounds. Sings along to the beat of the music. |
6-7 months – time for the first complementary foods Neuropsychic development
| Month | Emotions | Speech | Intelligence |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | He really laughs and smiles back. Reacts to tickling. Requires attention. | He hums, pronounces chains of vowel sounds, and the first syllables appear. | The 3rd stage of sensorimotor intelligence begins - the implementation of purposeful actions. An understanding of cause-and-effect relationships emerges. A reaction to everything new develops. |
| 5 | Wants to participate in communication - tries to attract attention in every way. “Communicates” with other children with pleasure. | There is a singing hum. Uses vowel sounds: aa, ee, oo, ay, maa, eu, haa, etc. | He is interested not only in close objects, but also in those located at a distance of up to 1 m. He understands that in addition to his hands, he has other body parts. |
| 6 | Begins to experience true love and affection for the adult raising him. He expects approval and praise from him, thus, communication takes on a situational and business character. | Pronounces individual babbling syllables. The “vocabulary” already contains about 30-40 sounds. | Sets goals and chooses means to achieve them. For example, to get one toy, you need to move another. |
From six months to 9 months
7 MONTHS
The baby can easily and quickly crawl on all fours and sit freely and for a long time. In a sitting position, he straightens and bends. Holding onto furniture, he can kneel down, and with the support of adults he can stand and walk. Interested in his mirror image. Can point with eyes at large objects, called adults.
8 MONTHS
According to the development calendar, at 8 months the child can sit down independently and even stand on his feet (more details in the article:). He begins to play "palm", imitating clapping his hands. He enjoys trying to take his first steps with the help of adults. Mimic movements of the face acquire a rich variety. The baby expresses interest, surprise, and fear with facial expressions.
He easily finds an object that interests him and persistently tries to reach it. Spends a lot of time in games - he can look at toys for a long time, knock them, throw them.
9 MONTHS
Standing on his feet, he refuses support. Likes to walk, leaning on furniture, tries to get to his feet from any position. Starts to climb on high places - boxes, benches, pillows. At 9 months, motor skills become more complex, the baby can assemble small parts of toys, sort out construction sets, and move cars.
Understands and can fulfill simple requests, such as “pass the ball” or “wave your hand.” For games he chooses a sitting position, easily and quickly remembers new words. I like to look for dropped or hidden objects. Responds when called by name. Begins to distinguish words not only by intonation, but also by meaning. Can sort objects by shape, color, size.
At 9 months the baby is already “very big”, he begins to understand the meaning of many words, fulfills the requests of his parents, the games gradually become more complicated Physical Features
| Month | Movements | Skills |
|---|---|---|
| 7 | Able to sit without support, roll over from back to stomach and back. Actively crawls on all fours. Favorite action with objects/toys is throwing. He himself reaches for the toy, takes it in his hand, moves it, waves it, knocks it on the surface. | Confidently drinks from a cup (from the hands of an adult), tries to hold it. He eats from a spoon. If the mother gives a dried product or cracker, then the child spends a long time “procrastinating” on this piece. |
| 8 | Rise to his feet independently, holding onto support. With the support of an adult, he steps with his legs. He sits and lies down on his own and crawls a lot. | If he sees “his” cup from an adult, he pulls his hands towards it. He holds a piece of bread in his hand and eats it himself. You can start potty training your baby. |
| 9 | Holding a support with one hand, you can perform many different actions: walk towards an adult with side steps, grab another support with your free hand, etc. Sits confidently for 10-15 minutes. Actively crawling. | Drinks from a cup, holding it (the cup is fixed in the hands of an adult). If a child has begun potty training, he can confidently sit on it without whims. |
Neuropsychic development
| Month | Emotions | Speech | Intelligence |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7 | Tries to be the center of attention. Now caresses and kisses are not the main thing (they may turn away or move away), but the important thing is playing together and manipulating toys. | Actively babbling. Can already pronounce clear syllable combinations: ma-ma, ba-ba-ba, pa-pa-pa, a-la-la, etc. | An understanding of cause-and-effect relationships develops, for example, throwing a toy and seeing where it lands; if he is hungry, he looks towards the kitchen (to where he is fed). |
| 8 | Becomes closed off from strangers (crisis 8 months), ready to communicate only with very close ones, worries and cries in front of others. | Speaks syllables and syllable combinations: ay, a-la-la, he, a-dyat, a-de-de, a-ba-ba, etc. | Stage 4 of sensorimotor intelligence begins: purposeful actions develop. The child studies and explores everything. |
| 9 | Experiences a whole range of emotions from anger and fear to joy and surprise. Strives to communicate with adults and involve them in their activities. | The first indicative words appear in speech, understandable only to those close to you. Understands prohibition words (“you can’t”), teachings (“show me how...”, “kiss mom,” etc.) | The child separates himself from the adult, but perceives himself as the “center of the universe.” Long-term memory develops (can remember an object) and working memory. |
From 10 months to 1 year
10 MONTHS
After 10 months, the child gets on his feet without help and begins to walk. Begins to step when supported by one handle. Can pick up a small object with his fingers, gets upset when toys he likes are taken away. Often and consciously imitates the movements of adults, can open-close, lift-throw, hide-find. The child pronounces simple monosyllabic words.
11 MONTHS
1 YEAR
After 11-12 months, a difficult stage of development begins. Boys often develop a little slower than girls. The ability to walk independently appears. He may come up on his own if his name is called. Able to squat and stand up without support. Picks up objects from the floor without sitting down. Can carry out complex tasks: close doors, bring a toy from another room.
Shows interest in the process of undressing and bathing. Says about ten simple words. At one year old, the child watches people and cars with interest. You can find more detailed information on the Internet by watching Komarovsky’s video about the proper development of children from 0 to one year.
Physical Features
| Month | Movements | Skills |
|---|---|---|
| 10 | Can stand independently for some time without support or support. | |
| 11 | Stands well from a support for about 5 seconds, balancing with his arms, while keeping his legs apart. He tries to take the first steps himself, and with the support of an adult he walks confidently. | All previously acquired skills and abilities are consolidated. |
| 12 | Walks independently (up to 3 meters). Freely squats and rises, bends and picks up an object/toy from the floor. Can climb up the stairs. | Drinks from a cup himself, without adult support. He holds the spoon confidently and moves it around the plate. |
Neuropsychic development
| Month | Emotions | Speech | Intelligence |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 | The child develops a full-fledged attachment to people who are significant to him. He gets along well with other children. | Repeats individual syllables after adults. Communicates with loved ones in a language that only they understand. Understands the words: “give me...”, “where..?”. | All sensations become qualitatively more complex: hearing, smell, taste, tactile perception. |
| 11 | He treats other children selectively, but in general, he enjoys communicating with them and babbles. May take other people's toys. | Says 1-2 words. Pronounces onomatopoeia, such as “bi-bi”, “av-av”. Can understand and fulfill adult requests (for example, “drive the car”, “feed the doll”). | Learns to manage his actions, mentally organizes all information coming from outside. |
| 12 | Experiences the widest range of emotions, based on the feeling of “separation” from an adult (since he can already move independently). | Repeats syllables after adults. Denotes individual concepts and objects with babbling words. Without showing an object/toy, he understands what is being said. Can carry out instructions such as “show..”, “find...”, “put in place...”, “bring.” | The 5th stage of development of sensorimotor intelligence begins: understands categories of objects and phenomena (for example, animals, furniture, food). Voluntary attention begins to form. |
Doctor Komarovsky's opinion
Dr. Komarovsky, who is popular today, talks clearly and interestingly about children in his book “The Beginning of Life: Your Child from Birth to 1 Year,” as well as in his video lessons. Of course, the main emphasis is on pediatric issues, but in addition, from books and lectures you can learn about:
- principles of caring for toddlers;
- nutrition and feeding of children (according to WHO, as well as according to the author’s complementary feeding methodology);
- key stages of growth and development (when the baby should sit, crawl, stand and walk).
